General——各种镜像源的管理

各种镜像源管理

pip 镜像源

  • 一般来说pip默认使用的源可能会比较慢,此时需要修改成国内的源

查看源

  • 查看当前 pip 源 
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    pip config list

修改方法:

临时修改

  • 在命令后面添加如下参数即可将安装源换成阿里云

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    -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

  • 只在当前命令中修改,以后想要使用时需要继续添加参数

  • 特别说明: 在阿里云的服务器上使用这个指令时效果非常明显

永久修改

  • 修改文件~/.pip/pip.conf内容, 如果没有该文件则新建一个

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    vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
    # write the following contents and save
    # the example is USTC
    [global]
    index-url = https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

  • 这个命令修改当前用户的默认pip命令镜像

镜像列表

  • 各种镜像列表：

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    官方：https://pypi.org/simple
    清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 
    阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
    中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 
    华中科技大学：http://pypi.hustunique.com/ 
    山东理工大学：http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/ 
    豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

  • 其中清华的比较常用

Ubuntu 源

  • Linux 一般默认使用自己系统的源，比如 Ubuntu 使用的就是自己的 Ubuntu 官网源

修改方法

  • 修改文件/etc/apt/source.list 
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    sudo /vim/apt/source.list

    # write new image source
    # the example of aliyun
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

    # update and upgrade
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get upgrade

镜像源列表

中科大源
  • 中科大源列表 
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    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
163 源
  • 163 源列表 
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    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源
  • 清华源列表 
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    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Centos 源

修改方法

  • 修改文件/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 
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    # backup
    sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo_bak
    # create new config file
    # the example of aliyun, the config file could be downloaded from remote directly
    sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    # update chche
    sudo yum makechche
    # update
    sudo -y update

镜像源列表

网易源
阿里源

Mac brew 源

conda 源

  • 查看 conda 源：

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    conda config --show channels

  • 删除 conda 源：

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    conda config --remove channels [target_url]

  • 清空 conda 源：

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    conda config --remove-key channels
    • 这个命令不会删除 defaults 源，如果要删除该源，需要手动删除

  • 添加 conda 源：

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    conda config --add channels [new_channel_url]

  • 安装时临时指定镜像

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    conda install -c [channel_url] [package_name]

conda 源的分类

  • Conda 源的路径后缀可看出其用途：
    • /cloud/pytorch/ ：提供PyTorch深度学习框架及其依赖库
    • /cloud/menpo/ ：提供计算机视觉相关工具（如dlib、OpenCV）
    • /cloud/conda-forge/ ：社区维护的开源包（覆盖科学计算、数据分析等领域）
    • /pkgs/free/ ：Anaconda早期免费版仓库（现多合并至main）
    • /pkgs/main/ ：Anaconda官方核心包（Python、NumPy、SciPy等基础库）

以清华源为例

  • 示例添加清华源：

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    conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
    conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
    conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
    • conda config --set show_channel_urls yes 可让后续的安装都打印 conda 源信息

  • 一条指令恢复默认源（清空所有源）：

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    conda config --remove-key channels